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The American Federation for Polish Jews was founded in 1908 in New York City, as the Federation of Russian-Polish Hebrews. It established the World Federation of Polish Jews in 1935 for relief and economic assistance for Jews in Poland. A women's division of the Federation, Ezra, was organized in 1931. It published in 1943 the "Black Book of Polish Jewry", a report on the progress of the Holocaust in Nazi-occupied Poland.